一、印前準(zhǔn)備準(zhǔn)備工作包括：紙張的調(diào)濕處理、油墨的調(diào)制、潤(rùn)濕液的配制、印版的檢查、印刷壓力的調(diào)試等。紙張調(diào)濕處理主要是防止環(huán)境氣候造成紙張的含水量不均勻而引起紙張變形以及產(chǎn)生靜電現(xiàn)象，這種現(xiàn)象在印刷中是禁止出現(xiàn)的。
1、 The preparation work before printing includes: moisture adjustment of paper, modulation of ink, preparation of wetting solution, inspection of printing plate, adjustment of printing pressure, etc. The paper moisture conditioning treatment is mainly to prevent the uneven moisture content of the paper caused by the environmental climate from causing paper deformation and generating static electricity, which is absolutely prohibited in printing.
二、裝版試印印前準(zhǔn)備工作做好之后，就可裝紙、裝版、開(kāi)機(jī)調(diào)試。開(kāi)機(jī)運(yùn)行中，要對(duì)輸紙機(jī)構(gòu)、收紙機(jī)構(gòu)、輸墨裝置、輸水裝置、印刷壓力等方面對(duì)行調(diào)節(jié)，以保證走紙順暢，供水量、給墨量適中，以印刷壓力適宜，印出高質(zhì)量的印品。上述工作準(zhǔn)備好后，將機(jī)器開(kāi)一會(huì)兒，使給墨量、供水量適中且均勻，之后在給紙臺(tái)上加一些過(guò)版紙進(jìn)行試印。如果是多色印刷或是套色印刷，還需要進(jìn)行套準(zhǔn)調(diào)節(jié)工作，確定版面位置是否合適，圖文是否歪斜，天頭、地腳、左右大小及方向是否套準(zhǔn)(一般以規(guī)矩線進(jìn)行套準(zhǔn)調(diào)節(jié))。
2、 After the preparation work for the trial printing of the plate is completed, the paper can be loaded, the plate can be loaded, and the machine can be started for debugging. During startup and operation, it is necessary to adjust the paper feeding mechanism, paper receiving mechanism, ink conveying device, water conveying device, printing pressure, etc. to ensure smooth paper feeding, moderate water supply and ink supply, and suitable printing pressure to produce high-quality prints. After the above work is ready, turn on the machine for a while to ensure that the ink and water supply are moderate and uniform, and then add some overprinted paper to the paper feeding table for trial printing. If it is multi-color printing or multicolor printing, registration adjustment work needs to be carried out to determine whether the layout position is suitable, whether the graphics and text are skewed, and whether the top, bottom, left and right sizes, and directions are aligned (usually adjusted by regular lines).
套準(zhǔn)作業(yè)完成后，開(kāi)始試印，印出幾張樣品，進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢查。油墨調(diào)制工作包括專用油墨的配制、對(duì)常規(guī)油墨添加一些助劑等。如油墨黏度不合適，應(yīng)添加提高或降低黏度的調(diào)墨油;油墨干澡性不好，可添加干澡劑。添加各種助劑必須根據(jù)工藝、設(shè)備、紙張及環(huán)境溫度等情況，用量要適當(dāng)。
After the registration operation is completed, start the trial printing and print out a few samples for quality inspection. Ink preparation work includes the preparation of specialized ink and the addition of some additives to conventional ink. If the viscosity of the ink is not appropriate, inking oil should be added to increase or decrease the viscosity; Ink has poor drying properties, and a drying agent can be added. The addition of various additives must be based on the process, equipment, paper, and environmental temperature, and the dosage should be appropriate.
印版的檢查包括：印版類別、色別的檢查，印版的厚度的檢測(cè)，印版叨口大小的檢查，規(guī)矩線的檢查，印版深淺的檢查，以及版面圖文質(zhì)量，有無(wú)污損、劃傷等方面的檢查。印刷壓力的調(diào)試：根據(jù)印版厚度、紙張規(guī)格，橡皮布的厚度、包襯材料厚度、印刷工藝的要求等諸多因素，選擇合適的滾筒包襯，使得印刷壓力符合印品工藝與質(zhì)量要求。
The inspection of the printing plate includes: inspection of the type and color of the printing plate, inspection of the thickness of the printing plate, inspection of the size of the printing plate mouth, inspection of the regular lines, inspection of the depth of the printing plate, as well as inspection of the quality of the layout, whether there are stains, scratches, and other aspects. Debugging of printing pressure: Based on various factors such as plate thickness, paper specifications, rubber cloth thickness, lining material thickness, printing process requirements, etc., choose a suitable drum lining to ensure that the printing pressure meets the requirements of printing process and quality.
三、正式印刷正式印刷前，再加一些過(guò)版紙，過(guò)版紙印完后使計(jì)數(shù)器歸零。印刷中要經(jīng)常進(jìn)行抽樣檢查，注意水上水的變化、油墨的變化、印版耐印力、橡皮布的清潔情況，以及印刷機(jī)供油、供氣狀況和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是否正常等。
3、 Before formal printing, add some overprinting paper. After the overprinting paper is printed, reset the counter to zero. During printing, sampling inspection shall be carried out frequently, and attention shall be paid to the change of water on water, the change of ink, the printing plate resistance, the cleaning of blanket, and whether the oil supply, gas supply and operation of the printing machine are normal.
四、印后處理每天印刷結(jié)束后，或每一批印件完成時(shí)，都要進(jìn)行印刷后的處理操作，其內(nèi)容包括：墨斗、墨輥、水輥、橡皮布、壓印滾筒的清潔，印版、印張的處理和印刷機(jī)的保養(yǎng)等。
4、 After printing every day, or when each batch of prints is completed, post-printing processing operations must be carried out, including cleaning of ink buckets, ink rollers, water rollers, rubber cloth, and impression rollers, handling of printing plates and sheets, and maintenance of printing machines.
五、封面及彩頁(yè)特種印刷工藝
5、 Special printing process for cover and color pages
1、覆膜覆膜工藝是一種將印刷品和塑料薄膜經(jīng)加熱、加壓后黏合在一起的工藝。經(jīng)覆膜后的紙印刷品表面更加平滑光亮，而且提高了印刷品的光澤度和耐磨度。
1. The laminating process is a process of bonding printed matter and plastic film together after heating and pressing. The surface of the paper printed product after lamination is smoother and brighter, and the glossiness and wear resistance of the printed product are improved.
2、壓紋壓紋工藝是一種使用凹凸模具，在一定的壓力作用下使用印刷品產(chǎn)生塑性變形，從而對(duì)印刷品表面進(jìn)行藝術(shù)加工的工藝。經(jīng)壓紋后的印刷品表面呈現(xiàn)出深淺不同的圖案和紋理，具有明顯的浮雕立體感，增強(qiáng)了印刷品的藝術(shù)感染力。
2. Embossing and embossing process is a process that uses a concave convex mold to produce plastic deformation of the printed product under a certain pressure, thereby performing artistic processing on the surface of the printed product. The surface of the printed product after embossing presents different patterns and textures of different depths, with a clear relief three-dimensional sense, enhancing the artistic appeal of the printed product.
3、模切模切工藝就是根據(jù)印刷品的設(shè)計(jì)要求制作專門的模切刀，然后在壓力的作用下將印刷品或其他承印物軋切成所需形裝或切痕的成型工藝。4、UV上光UV上光即紫外線上光。它是以UV專用的特殊涂劑精密、均勻地涂于印刷品的表現(xiàn)或局部區(qū)域后，經(jīng)紫外線照射，在極快的速度下干澡硬化而成。
3. The die-cutting process is the process of making specialized die-cutting knives according to the design requirements of printed materials, and then rolling and cutting the printed materials or other substrates into the required shapes or cutting marks under pressure. 4. UV coating UV coating is UV glazing. It is made by precisely and evenly applying a special UV coating to the surface or local area of printed matter, and then drying and hardening at an extremely fast speed under UV irradiation.
5、燙印燙印是以金、銀箔為材料，借助于一定的壓力與溫度，使印刷品與燙印箔在短時(shí)間內(nèi)相互受壓，將金屬箔或顏料箔按燙印模版上的區(qū)域轉(zhuǎn)印到印刷品表面的加工工藝。印刷品經(jīng)燙印后的區(qū)域會(huì)呈現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈的金屬質(zhì)感或其他質(zhì)感。
5. Hot stamping is a processing process that uses gold and silver foils as materials, and with the help of certain pressure and temperature, the printed matter and hot stamping foil are pressed against each other in a short period of time. The metal foil or pigment foil is transferred to the surface of the printed matter according to the area on the hot stamping template. The area of printed matter after hot stamping will present a strong metallic or other texture.
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